• Fans - hvac English

Payback Time: 0 - 6 years

Energy Saving Potential: 15 - 30 percent

• "Maintenance and servicing of filters, air ducts and fittings has a significant impact on the efficiency of a ventilation system. Maintenance and servicing of these components is all too often neglected when considering the ventilation system, although they can have a high proportion of the required energy input. The effects of poorly maintained or leaking equipment are manifested in increased flow or pressure drop. The power requirement of the fan, and the energy requirements of the air conditioning depend on the delivered air flow and the pressure loss to be overcome. For this reason, when the system is optimized for energy efficiency, the tightness and pressure loss of the system must also be considered."

Maintenance and servicing of filters, air ducts and fittings has a significant impact on the efficiency of a ventilation system. Maintenance and servicing of these components is all too often neglected when considering the ventilation system, although they can have a high proportion of the required energy input. The effects of poorly maintained or leaking equipment are manifested in increased flow or pressure drop. The power requirement of the fan, and the energy requirements of the air conditioning depend on the delivered air flow and the pressure loss to be overcome. For this reason, when the system is optimized for energy efficiency, the tightness and pressure loss of the system must also be considered.

• Download document

• Fans - hvac English

Payback Time: 3 - 6 years

Energy Saving Potential: - percent

• "To assess the efficiency of a motor, the ErP derictive (VO (EU) 327/2011) from the European Commission have set minimum efficiency criteria which allow an evaluation of motors. This affects fans with an electrical output between 0.125 kW and 500 kW. In March 2014, the standard IEC 60034-30-1 was published in which are defined for Asynchronous Motors Efficiency Classes (IE = International Efficiency). The standard IEC 60034-30-1: 2014 defines efficiencies and efficiency classes at 50 and 60 Hz for single- and three-phase mains motors with 2-8 poles in a power range from 0.12 to 1,000 kW. The following figure shows the efficiency values accordind to the motor standards. "

To assess the efficiency of a motor, the ErP derictive (VO (EU) 327/2011) from the European Commission have set minimum efficiency criteria which allow an evaluation of motors. This affects fans with an electrical output between 0.125 kW and 500 kW. In March 2014, the standard IEC 60034-30-1 was published in which are defined for Asynchronous Motors Efficiency Classes (IE = International Efficiency). The standard IEC 60034-30-1: 2014 defines efficiencies and efficiency classes at 50 and 60 Hz for single- and three-phase mains motors with 2-8 poles in a power range from 0.12 to 1,000 kW. The following figure shows the efficiency values accordind to the motor standards.

• Download document

• Hydraulic English

Payback Time: 3 - 6 years

Energy Saving Potential: 4 - 6 percent

• "Pipes and hydraulic components are often not insulated properly. Insulation is often missing, damaged or insufficient regarding thickness and/or material. Temperatures of heat distribution mediums can vary between -160°C to far above +600°C. Thus insulation is not always for heat losses only, it can also save energy in cooling systems. An uninsulated pipe transporting water at 80°C over a distance of 10m 3.200 hours a year uses 12 times as much energy as an insulated one. Indicators for missing or insufficient insulation: • Visible damage at the surface of the insulation • High ambient temperature in the surrounding area • Condensation water on the pipes and hydraulic components unusually high surface temperatures of the pipes "

Pipes and hydraulic components are often not insulated properly. Insulation is often missing, damaged or insufficient regarding thickness and/or material. Temperatures of heat distribution mediums can vary between -160°C to far above +600°C. Thus insulation is not always for heat losses only, it can also save energy in cooling systems. An uninsulated pipe transporting water at 80°C over a distance of 10m 3.200 hours a year uses 12 times as much energy as an insulated one. Indicators for missing or insufficient insulation: • Visible damage at the surface of the insulation • High ambient temperature in the surrounding area • Condensation water on the pipes and hydraulic components unusually high surface temperatures of the pipes

• Download document

• Hydraulic English

Payback Time: 3 - 6 years

Energy Saving Potential: 5 - 10 percent

• "Water follows, pretty much like electricity, the path with the least resistance. Paths with low resistance get a higher volume flow than paths with high resistance. Multiple different pipes in the system lead then to different volume flows, which results in uneven distribution of the energy. To ensure proper operation of all users, even the ones far away on paths with high resistance, a higher demand of energy is needed. Hydraulic balancing should be done when: • Uneven operation of the users • Low difference in the temperatures between inlet and return • Noise in the users or pumps • High pressure losses • Missing circuit control valve or differential pressure regulator • Nominal volume flow is not available at all users at full load Hydraulic balancing actively controls the volume flow in the different branches of the system, regulating them depending on the demand. There are 2 ways for hydraulic balancing: • Static • Dynamic The static balancing is usually done in big buildings with circuit control valves and pre-set valves at the users. It is based on the calculated volume flow rates during full load operation. The volume flow rates set during the balancing are static and thus only optimal for the full load operation. The efficiency gain in part load operations is reduced. The dynamic balancing requires special components such as adjustable valves (e.g. differential pressure regulators) and pumps that can vary the volume flow (by e.g. modulating the frequency). The dynamic balancing is also based on the volume flow rates at full load operation. However due to the various intelligent components, the volume flow can be regulated for each distribution area depending on the current need. This leads to an optimal increase in efficiency, even during part load operation."

Water follows, pretty much like electricity, the path with the least resistance. Paths with low resistance get a higher volume flow than paths with high resistance. Multiple different pipes in the system lead then to different volume flows, which results in uneven distribution of the energy. To ensure proper operation of all users, even the ones far away on paths with high resistance, a higher demand of energy is needed. Hydraulic balancing should be done when: • Uneven operation of the users • Low difference in the temperatures between inlet and return • Noise in the users or pumps • High pressure losses • Missing circuit control valve or differential pressure regulator • Nominal volume flow is not available at all users at full load Hydraulic balancing actively controls the volume flow in the different branches of the system, regulating them depending on the demand. There are 2 ways for hydraulic balancing: • Static • Dynamic The static balancing is usually done in big buildings with circuit control valves and pre-set valves at the users. It is based on the calculated volume flow rates during full load operation. The volume flow rates set during the balancing are static and thus only optimal for the full load operation. The efficiency gain in part load operations is reduced. The dynamic balancing requires special components such as adjustable valves (e.g. differential pressure regulators) and pumps that can vary the volume flow (by e.g. modulating the frequency). The dynamic balancing is also based on the volume flow rates at full load operation. However due to the various intelligent components, the volume flow can be regulated for each distribution area depending on the current need. This leads to an optimal increase in efficiency, even during part load operation.

• Download document

• Hydraulic English | English

Payback Time: 0 - 6 years

Energy Saving Potential: 0 - 40 percent

• "The difference between inlet and return temperature is called delta T. Basically, the transported heat energy is proportional to delta T. If delta T is low, the emitted heat to the user is low and the warm water is circulated, thus indicating bad efficiency of the system. Main indicators: • Low delta T • High return temperatures "

The difference between inlet and return temperature is called delta T. Basically, the transported heat energy is proportional to delta T. If delta T is low, the emitted heat to the user is low and the warm water is circulated, thus indicating bad efficiency of the system. Main indicators: • Low delta T • High return temperatures

• Download document