• Cooling English

Payback Time: 3 - 6 years

Energy Saving Potential: 20 - 30 percent

• "Auxiliary units (pumps and fans) can consume between 20 and 50 percent of the compressor power. Common savings potentials are the usage of fan/motor with higher efficiency, reduction of operating hours and capacity control. "

Auxiliary units (pumps and fans) can consume between 20 and 50 percent of the compressor power. Common savings potentials are the usage of fan/motor with higher efficiency, reduction of operating hours and capacity control.

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• Cooling English

Payback Time: 0 - 3 years

Energy Saving Potential: 0 - 11 percent

• "Most cooling systems have some refrigerant leakage; 5-10% annual leakage is typical, with up to 15% for supermarkets. As most cooling systems use Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants with a global warming potential much higher than the GWP of CO2, reduction of leakages is essential. Unrepaired leaks not only influence the environment but also affect the system efficiency leading to increased energy costs. "

Most cooling systems have some refrigerant leakage; 5-10% annual leakage is typical, with up to 15% for supermarkets. As most cooling systems use Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants with a global warming potential much higher than the GWP of CO2, reduction of leakages is essential. Unrepaired leaks not only influence the environment but also affect the system efficiency leading to increased energy costs.

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• Cooling English

Payback Time: 0 - 3 years

Energy Saving Potential: 0 - 85 percent

• Cooling systems produce waste heat that, normally, is rejected to the environment. However, if there is a heat demand elsewhere during operation, the waste heat can be put to use. The recovered heat can be used in different applications as hot water production for food processing, process heat, heating of service water or space heating.

Cooling systems produce waste heat that, normally, is rejected to the environment. However, if there is a heat demand elsewhere during operation, the waste heat can be put to use. The recovered heat can be used in different applications as hot water production for food processing, process heat, heating of service water or space heating.

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• Energy management English

Payback Time: 0 - 3 years

Energy Saving Potential: 5 - 15 percent

• "In a company, energy is often perceived as a burden and rarely considered as a resource, yet it represents an important cost optimisation item: • Define the company's energy policy/strategy. • Appoint an energy contact person in the company (based on maintenance or QSE’s skills) • Raise staff awareness on energy saving • Internal and external communication on energy Good energy management requires the involvement of a wide range of human resources in the company, including: • Management and the Energy Manager, who are in charge of the project • Maintenance, for the knowledge and improvement of the equipment operations • The Quality safety ensurance feature for a rigorous monitoring of actions and indicators • Production teams for good operating practices • HR services for staff training • Sales department for energy supply contracts and investments in energy-using equipment • Technical experts to work on specific topics (refrigeration, heat recovery, etc.)"

In a company, energy is often perceived as a burden and rarely considered as a resource, yet it represents an important cost optimisation item: • Define the company's energy policy/strategy. • Appoint an energy contact person in the company (based on maintenance or QSE’s skills) • Raise staff awareness on energy saving • Internal and external communication on energy Good energy management requires the involvement of a wide range of human resources in the company, including: • Management and the Energy Manager, who are in charge of the project • Maintenance, for the knowledge and improvement of the equipment operations • The Quality safety ensurance feature for a rigorous monitoring of actions and indicators • Production teams for good operating practices • HR services for staff training • Sales department for energy supply contracts and investments in energy-using equipment • Technical experts to work on specific topics (refrigeration, heat recovery, etc.)

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• Energy management English

Payback Time: 0 - 3 years

Energy Saving Potential: 5 - 15 percent

• "Energy Management: from informal approaches to formalized systems Referring to energy management is often taken identical to introducing a fully-fledged energy management system according to ISO 50001. Yet energy management as a general term can be perceived more broadly running and well-maintained production. Experience shows that in SMEs in particular, the topic is driven by individuals who are interested in keeping a smoothly. Thereby, they also look on energy demand among the various aspects related to running the operation, even without relying on a formalized energy management system. Larger companies, on the contrary, need to rely more on structured energy management systems due to the distribution of specialized tasks and responsibilities within larger organizations. Input by third parties within energy audits can also be valuable to get a neutral and better understanding of the energy saving opportunities within a company. Energy audit The general nature of an energy audit is that it is typically designed as a one-off intervention. Energy auditors check on the energy flows, identify major energy consumers and compile a report with recommendations for reducing energy demand. Energy audit is“a systematic procedure with the purpose of obtaining adequate knowledge of the existing energy consumption profile of a building or group of buildings, an industrial or commercial operation or installation or a private or public service, identifying and quantifying cost-effective energy savings opportunities, and reporting the findings.” Energy management systems: a frameworks for regular reviews As compared to the energy audits, energy management systems are more comprehensive approaches that seek to integrate energy-related issues in the management system of an organization. Usually, these management systems follow the structure as laid down in ISO 50001 series. Their elements are based on the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle, i.e. a continual improvement process. The entire system seeks to establish an energy policy, an energy planning and an implementation within the organization and a regular review of the achievements (see also illustration). Due to the continuous approach to energy related-matters, energy management systems are usually more sustainable in terms of the achieved savings in the longer run. Yet it also has to be kept in mind that the management framework has to be filled with “life” to get beyond a mere certification issue. Estimations on the actual effects and benefits of energy management systems vary, e.g. depending on organizational structure and prior activities in energy-related issues. Energy benchmarks: managing energy by comparisons The general idea of energy benchmarks is to allow comparing energy demand values of objects to derive helpful conclusions about their energy performance. In one of the most simple of cases, the consumption of two identical lines with the same product is compared to each other. If there are differences in their energy consumption values, this could be an indication that a more thorough investigation on the differences is needed. While this general idea is appealingly simple, there are many challenges in the details. Identical lines with the same outputs are rather the exception than the rule and many factors affect the overall results including: - Product-related factors (e.g. number of pieces, weight, length, volume, material) - Organizational factors (e.g. shift models, staff at site, frequency of energy analysis) - Process-related factors (e.g. operating time, cycle time, speed, number of different setups, quality rate) - Personnel (e.g. user behaviour, intensity of instruction and education, presence of specialized staff members) - Ambient conditions (e.g. external and internal temperature, humidity, pressure, light) - Location-specific factors (e.g. area, space, refurbishment, age of equipment, status of supply infrastructure) - Production structure (e.g. degree of vertical integration, product segments, number of different products) - Economic factors (e.g. turnover, production costs, energy costs) Such factors have to be considered for meaningful comparisons. In practice, this can be challenging, especially when the amount of details or knowledge about the factors is limited. Helpful benchmarks can therefore be quite difficult to establish, yet if properly done, they are valuable to better understand performance issues. "

Energy Management: from informal approaches to formalized systems Referring to energy management is often taken identical to introducing a fully-fledged energy management system according to ISO 50001. Yet energy management as a general term can be perceived more broadly running and well-maintained production. Experience shows that in SMEs in particular, the topic is driven by individuals who are interested in keeping a smoothly. Thereby, they also look on energy demand among the various aspects related to running the operation, even without relying on a formalized energy management system. Larger companies, on the contrary, need to rely more on structured energy management systems due to the distribution of specialized tasks and responsibilities within larger organizations. Input by third parties within energy audits can also be valuable to get a neutral and better understanding of the energy saving opportunities within a company. Energy audit The general nature of an energy audit is that it is typically designed as a one-off intervention. Energy auditors check on the energy flows, identify major energy consumers and compile a report with recommendations for reducing energy demand. Energy audit is“a systematic procedure with the purpose of obtaining adequate knowledge of the existing energy consumption profile of a building or group of buildings, an industrial or commercial operation or installation or a private or public service, identifying and quantifying cost-effective energy savings opportunities, and reporting the findings.” Energy management systems: a frameworks for regular reviews As compared to the energy audits, energy management systems are more comprehensive approaches that seek to integrate energy-related issues in the management system of an organization. Usually, these management systems follow the structure as laid down in ISO 50001 series. Their elements are based on the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle, i.e. a continual improvement process. The entire system seeks to establish an energy policy, an energy planning and an implementation within the organization and a regular review of the achievements (see also illustration). Due to the continuous approach to energy related-matters, energy management systems are usually more sustainable in terms of the achieved savings in the longer run. Yet it also has to be kept in mind that the management framework has to be filled with “life” to get beyond a mere certification issue. Estimations on the actual effects and benefits of energy management systems vary, e.g. depending on organizational structure and prior activities in energy-related issues. Energy benchmarks: managing energy by comparisons The general idea of energy benchmarks is to allow comparing energy demand values of objects to derive helpful conclusions about their energy performance. In one of the most simple of cases, the consumption of two identical lines with the same product is compared to each other. If there are differences in their energy consumption values, this could be an indication that a more thorough investigation on the differences is needed. While this general idea is appealingly simple, there are many challenges in the details. Identical lines with the same outputs are rather the exception than the rule and many factors affect the overall results including: - Product-related factors (e.g. number of pieces, weight, length, volume, material) - Organizational factors (e.g. shift models, staff at site, frequency of energy analysis) - Process-related factors (e.g. operating time, cycle time, speed, number of different setups, quality rate) - Personnel (e.g. user behaviour, intensity of instruction and education, presence of specialized staff members) - Ambient conditions (e.g. external and internal temperature, humidity, pressure, light) - Location-specific factors (e.g. area, space, refurbishment, age of equipment, status of supply infrastructure) - Production structure (e.g. degree of vertical integration, product segments, number of different products) - Economic factors (e.g. turnover, production costs, energy costs) Such factors have to be considered for meaningful comparisons. In practice, this can be challenging, especially when the amount of details or knowledge about the factors is limited. Helpful benchmarks can therefore be quite difficult to establish, yet if properly done, they are valuable to better understand performance issues.

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